Sobanukirwa n’umuhango w’umuganura

Umuganura biva ku nshinga kuganura bivuga gusangira imyaka yeze cyane cyane iyo bitarera ngo byume, bagasaruramo ibya mbere noneho bakabisangira yaba umuryango cyangwa abaturanyi.

Umunyamakuru wa thebridge.rw yaganiriye na Kirenga Clement ufite igisekuru mu bwoko bw’abatsobe amubwira inkomoko y’umuganura nabari bawushinzwe, hamwe n’indi mihango yakorwaga igendeye ku muco.

Kirenga yatangiye asobanura uko umuganura wari mu muco nyarwanda n’ibindi byose usanga muri iyi nkuru.

Kuva kera mu myaka itazwi umuganura wari umuco nyarwanda, ni umuco wabaga ukuriwe n’umwami navuga ko ubuyobozi bwabaga bushingiye ku muco.

Buri clan (bwoko) ni ukuvuga abasinga, abatsobe, abagesera, abahondogo, abanyiginya n’abandi bose babaga bafite icyo bashinzwe. Buri bwoko bwabaga bufite icyo bushinzwe i Bwami (mu buyobozi). Abatsobe akaba aribo bari bashinzwe umuganura.

Aya moko yose akomoka kuri Gihanga; harimo n’abanyiginya b’abagunga, abanyiginya b’abahindiro aribo bavagamo abami. Ariko kugira ngo umwami abe umwami w’abantu bose ntago yabaga agifite ubwoko, iyo yimaga bamuhaga n’izina ry’Ibwami.

Uko abatsobe bashinzwe igikorwa cy’umuganura

Umuganura ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’umuco ariko bijyanye n’ubukungu byaje gushingwa ubwoko bw’abatsobe.

I Bwami cyane cyane ku Ngoma ya Ndahiro Cyamatare, yarafite abana barwanira Ingoma, baricana, bicanye havamo akana kamwe arinako kari gato kitwaga Ruganzu Ndoli wa II bagahungishiriza i Karagwe kuri Nyirasenge witwaga Nyabunyana, umugore w’umutware witwaga Karemera, bari barashyingiyeyo kugira ngo babone uko batata Ubwami bwa Karagwe kuko Ubwami bwa Karagwe bwarwanaga n’u Rwanda cyane bukanabatsinda. Abatware baho bari indwanyi cyane abitwa ba Nsoro, bajyaga batsinda u Rwanda cyane.

Ruganzu yahungishijwe afite hagati y’imyaka 3 ni 7 ajyanwa n’umugabo witwa Kavuna akaba ariho naho hava insingamigani ngo ”yarushye uwa Kavuna”, yarushye ajyanye Ruganzu Ndoli amwambutsa Akagera, araruha cyane, aragenda cyakora amugezayo noneho baramuhisha.

Abishe Ndahiro Cyamatare bakaba baziko bamaze umuryango wi Bwami kandi bari bafatanije n’Umwami w’Abashi wari ufite ingufu cyane; wayoboraga lave de Congo (Ikibaya cya Kivu yose) bafatanije nawe. Bamaze kwica Umwami batwara n’Ingoma, bakaba baziko bishe umwami w’u Rwanda bakamaraho n’umuryango we; kuko batari bazi ko hari umwana umwe utarapfuye. Baragenda bafatanije n’abanyabyinshi (abanyamurenge benshi bakaba ari abanyabyinshi) bo kwa Nsibura Umwami, baba iyo. Ruganzu Ndoli aza kuba umwana w’umusore akura abwirwa uko bishe papa we, noneho aravuga ati ” Nzarwanira Ingoma yacu nyigarure ni ukuvuga Ingoma y’u Rwanda”.

Atoza abo twakita abasirikare (ibisumizi) aragenda n’umujinya n’ubutwari kuko ngo yari intwari cyane arwana nabo, noneho Umwami wabo Nsibura asa naho amunaniye.

Ruganzu yize amayeri yo kwivugana Byinshi bya Bamara

Byinshi yari igikomangoma cyigaragambije cyanga kwemera kwima kwa Ndahiro Cyamatare Ise wa Ruganzu.

Uko Ruganzu yabigenje, hari umugore wari utuye aho ngaho mu rukari rw’Umwami mu Bashi witwa Nyirampingiye aramutereta bararyamana ariko ashaka kumwibaho imitsindo cyangwa kumuvanaho ibanga ry’i Bwami. Aryamanye nawe barakundana amwibira ibanga aramubwira ati ”ushatse kwica Byinshi bya Bamara urabigenza utya”. Koko Ruganzu arwana nawe aranamwica ; amaze kumwica agarura Ingoma y’u Rwanda.

Noneho nawa mugore amubyaraho umwana amwita Rutsobe akaba arinaho abatsobe bakomoka. Ruganzu aragaruka aba umwami, na Rutsobe atangira gukura aramubwira ati” Mwana wanjye unyibutsa amateka akomeye cyane ni wowe watumye tugarura u Rwanda rero ngiye kuguha Ingoma y’Igisaka. Ingoma y’Igisaka yari yaravuye kuri Tanzaniya, ayimugabiye; Rutsobe aravuga ati ”Njyewe ndashaka ko umpa ibintu ntago nshaka kuba Umwami; ndashaka ko unshinga ubwiru (amabanga y’ibwami). Ungire umwiru nshingwe n’imihango ikomeye cyane y’Ibwami. Bikaba byari ibintu bikomeye by’ibwami.

Aramusubiza ati ”Kuva ubu ngubu wowe n’abagukomokaho (abatsobe) muzaba abiru, abiru babaga bashinzwe kumenya uzaba umwami, banavugaga ko uzaba umwami yavukanaga imbuto. Akaba aribo bagombaga kureba ko avukana imbuto, ni ukuvuga ko aribo bashyiragaho ubuyobozi, icya kabiri bakamenya ko umwami atanga(akanywa), umwami yashoboraga kuba yabaye nk’ikigwari cyangwa yakoze nk’ikosa rikomeye cyane cyangwa agombwa gusimburwa bakareba uko babigenza, akavaho, agatanga (agapfa).
Icya gatatu babashingaga umuganura. Ariko Ruganzu ajya kuba umwami yaje abakoloni baratangiye kuza; baraciye imihango ikomeye y’Ibwami bagenda basenya imihango ikomeye ya kinyafurika harimo n’umuganura.

Icyo umuganura warugamije.

Umwami Ruganzu yagize imbaraga mu mwaka 1510 kugeza 1543; asubizaho umuganura awushinga abatsobe. Icya mbere umuganura wabaga ugamije ni ukwishimira ko imvura yaguye abantu bakeza, icya kabiri hakabaho no gusangira, icya gatatu harimo no kwicisha bugufi. Kuko icyo Umwami yakoraga ku munsi w’umuganura bazanaga umutsima w’uburo cyangwa w’amasaka akawuvuga apfukamye yarangiza noneho akagaburira abantu.

Urumva kugira ngo umwami apfukame byagaragazaga kwicisha bugufi, akagaburira abaturage, noneho hakabaho imbyino, bagaha abantu amata. Ibiryo byabaga bihari byari ibihaza, ibishyimbo n’ibindi.

Umuganura rero ku Ngoma ya Rwabugiri nibwo wakomeye cyane, ariko uko abakoloni bagendaga bagira ingufu muri Afurika n’u Rwanda by’umwihariko banaherekejwe n’abanyamadini cyane cyane abagaturika niko umuco nyarwanda wagenda ucika nibyo ushingiyeho byose, harimo n’umuganura.

Kugeza ubwo Rwabugiri avuyeho, bavuga ko bawuciye neza banaca umuco w’ubwiru kuko bavuga ko umwiru wa nyuma ari Gashamura.

Kugira ngo babigereho bafashe umwiru Gashamura bamucira i Burundi ari naho yaguye.

Iyo hizihizwaga umuganura hakorwaga imihango n’imigenzo ikomeye cyane nko guterekera, gushimira abakurambere batanze imvura kugira ngo beze, byari nko gusenga. Akaba ariyo mpamvu bazanaga inturire, inkangaza, ikigage bakabanza guha abakurambere.

Gashamura yari muntu ki?

Gashamura yabaye umuntu uzwi cyane kuko yari umukire akaba yari atuye i Gacuriro akagirayo ishyo akagira nirindi ahitwa Rongi, ari naho hiswe i Shyorongi bivuye ko hari agasozi kitwa Rongi noneho Gashamura rimwe avuye i Gacuriro agiye kureba andi mashyo ye ahura nundi mutware aramubaza ati ” Ese ugiye he Gashamura ati ”Ngiye kureba irindi shyo Rongi, ariho havuye izina Shyorongi. Naho insigamigani ivuga ngo wakize nkubwa Gashamura yavuye kuri uyu Gashamura kuko yabaye umunyarwanda wari umukire muri icyo gihe. Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba ka Kanyamuhungu ni nawe wabyaye uwitwa Rwampungu wabaye Umutware wa Bumbogo; akaba ari naho yari atuye mbere gato ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994, n’abana be kuri ubu barahari.

Ubwo rero bamaze guca umwiru wa nyuma byagiye bicika intege umuganura uracika gusa nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994 nibwo ubuyobozi bwa AFPR bwashyizemo ingufu, umuganura utangira kwizihizwa.

Igisobanuro cy’ijambo abasinga na Nyabingi

Ijambo abasinga uko ryaje; Ubwami bwo mu Ndorwa hakurya za Gatuna kuzamuka hari abantu b’abahinza cyane cyangwa se Abasinga b’abagahe barwanya u Rwanda baratsinda, batsinze benewabo bakajya bavuga ngo babandi bagiye mu Rwanda bagatsinda. Mu kinyankore hakurya y’umupaka babandi batsinze bakaba abasinga. Bavuga ko bazanye abagore beza bakazana n’inka nyinshi ndetse ninabo bazanye Nyabingi.

Nyabingi icyo bivuze mu kinyankore ni Nyabyinshi. Kurema imandwa ni ukubaho uri umukire wagira n’umutima mwiza ugaha abo muturanye bakakuramya, bakagukunda bakakubaha; iyo upfuye bakomeza bavuga bati kanana uriya yari umuntu mwiza. Noneho Nyabyinshi ariwe Nyabingi yari umuhinza w’umukire cyane wi Bugande aba abantu bakajya bamuramya, akabagabira ubwo rero apfuye bamugira umukurambere bakomeza kumuramya, nuko n’abanyarwanda batangiye kumuramya kuko yabagabiraga.

Mu gusoza ikiganiro umunyamakuru wa thebridge.rw yashimiye Kirenga Clement.