Ubwumvikane n’Ubuhuza mu kuruhura inkiko zazonzwe n’ubwinshi bw’abazigana

Leta y’U Rwanda yatangije uburyo bw’ubuhuza mu manza mu rwego rwo kurinda abaturage gukemura ibibazo byose biciye mu nkiko. Kuba abafitanye ibibazo byarakunze gukemurwa habayeho kujya mu manza, ibi byaha byaba biri mu manza mpanabyaha bikazamo gufungwa n’ibindi, byagiye byongera umubare w’imfungwa, ubucucike mu magereza ariko nako bitesha umwanya ababuranyi, bibatangisha amafaranga… Uburyo bw’ubuhuza buri gushyirwamo ingufu ngo bugabanye ibibazo mu nkiko byagakemuriwe hasi mu biganiro.

Mu Rwanda, urebye umubare w’abafungwa n’ibyaha bafungirwa usanga kuri bamwe bitari na ngombwa ko bakabifungiwe. Uwibye igitoki, urwanye, ufashe umwana ku ngufu, uwishe, ukoze impapuro mpimbano… nubwo baba bakoze ibyaha ariko ntibifite uburemere bumwe ku buryo bajya kumara imyaka runaka mu buroko kandi hari ukundi byagakozwe nko guhuzwa n’abo babikoreye ibibazo kigakemuka na bo bagakomeza gutanga umusanzu wabo muri sosiyete.

Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, Abasenateri bagaragaje ko hakwiye kugira igikorwa mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubucucike mu magereza yo mu Rwanda aho kiri hejuru ya 120%. Ibi babivuze ubwo bagezwagaho raporo ya Komisiyo y’Imibereho y’Abaturage n’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu ku isuzumwa rya raporo y’ibikorwa bya Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu y’umwaka wa 2020-2021.

Iyi raporo igaragaza ko ubucucike buri hejuru cyane. Ingero: muri Gereza ya Muhanga ahakwiye gufungirwa nibura abantu 100, ubu hafungiwe abarenga 238 (238,8%), iya Gicumbi barenga imfungwa 161 (161,8%), iya Rwamagana nibura imfungwa 151 (151,1 %), iya Rusizi hari 144 (144,8%), iya Huye hari 138 (138,6%), iya Musanze hariho 138 (138,2%), iya Bugesera ni 132 (132,1%), iya Rubavu ni 127 (127,7%) mugihe mu ya Ngoma ah’abantu 100 hafungiye 103 (103,6 %). SSP Pelly Uwera Gakwaya, Umuvugizi w’Urwego rw’Imfungwa n’Abagororwa (RCS), avuga ko uru rwego rufite imfungwa n’abagororwa barenga ibihumbi mirongo inani (84 800).

Mu mboni za Dr Safari Emmanuel, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Impuzamiryango Irengera Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (CLADHO) asanga hakenewe ubushishozi bwimbitse ku buryo umuntu wakoze icyaha yajya afungwa ari nk’amaburakindi kugira ngo bigabanye ubu bucukikije buri mu magereza ariko bikanajyana no kurengera ikiremwamuntu.

Minisiteri y’Ubutabera isa n’iyamaze gutera imboni iki kibazo ikanagishakira igisubizo mu buryo gakondo bw’Abanyarwanda ariko bushyigikiwe n’amategeko: Ubwumvikane n’Ubuhuza. Ubundi ubu buryo bwifashishwaga cyane mu manza mbonezamubano ariko uko bwagiye bukorwa bugatanga umusaruro bwagaragaje ko buramutse bukoreshejwe n’ahandi bishoboka ko bwagabanya umwanya abantu bataga mu nkiko ariko kandi n’umubare w’abo izo manza zigiraho ingaruka yaba izo gufungwa, gutagaguza amafaranga, ihazabu… nawo ukagabanuka.

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ruvuga ko abantu 6% bari bafitanye imanza mu mwaka wa 2019-2020 bumvikanishijwe binyuze muri gahunda y’ubuhuza.  Mu manza 15,377 zanyujijwe mu nama ntegurarubanza mu mwaka wa 2019/2020, imanza 854 zacyemuwe binyuze mu buhuza bangana na 6% bavuzwe ruguru. Uyu mubare usa n’uwiyongereye nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rubitangaza kuko umubare w’abakemuriwe ibibazo binyuze mu buhuza wazamutseho 3% mu mwaka wa 2018/2019. Bivuze ko mu manza ibihumbi 14,914 byari byanyujijwe mu nama ntegurarubanza, abantu 3 kuri buri bantu 100 ari bo bumvikanishijwe bitaragera mu nkiko.

Aganira na www.igihe.com, Padiri Nsengumuremye Thadée ubarizwa muri Diyosezi ya Cyangugu na we uri mu bahuza b’umwuga, yagize ati “Ubusanzwe ubutumwa bwa Padiri ni ubwo guhuza abantu, ntiduhuza abantu n’Imana gusa, nabo ubwabo tuba dukeneye ko bahura ibibazo bivutse bakabikemura ku buryo bwo kuganira batagombye kujya mu manza.” Yakomeje agira ati “Kuba narize ubuhuza bw’umwuga byamfashije kurushaho kubona uburyo bukwiye, intambwe ziterwa kugira ngo abantu bagiranye ikibazo babashe kugikemura mu buryo burambye bakomeze babane na nyuma ya cya kibazo.”

Guhugura abahura n’ibibazo bitera imanza nyinshi

Inzego zihura n’imanza nyinshi nk’urwego rujyanye n’iby’ubutaka rwamaze gufata ubuhuza nk’uburyo bwiza bwagabanya ibibazo biterwa n’imanza z’ubutaka. Rwafashe iya mbere mu guhugura abakozi barwo ku buryo bw’ubuhuza mu rwego rwo kubafasha kubwumva no kuzahugura abandi mu kwirinda ibibazo bijyanwa mu nkiko kandi byagakemukiye kubabifitanye.

Muri Kamena 2022, mu Ishuri Rikuru ryo Kwigisha no Guteza Imbere Amategeko (Institute of Legal Practice and Development) i Nyanza habereye amahugurwa y’iminsi itatu yari agenewe abakozi b’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubutaka (National Land Authority |NLA) ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku mbibi z’ubutaka no ku iyandikisha rusange ryabwo hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ubuhuza (mediation). Dr Kayihura Muganga Didas, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa ILPD yabwiye abahuguwe ati  “Mugiye gukumira ibintu byinshi byari kujya mu nkiko kandi ibyo bibaho kubera ko tudafite abanyamwunga nka mwe, abantu bakumira amakimbirane bakaganiriza abantu mbere y’uko bigera mu nkiko.”

Dr Kayihura  agaragaza akamaro k’ubu buryo mu baburanyi b’ingeri zitandukanye, agira  ati “mu rukiko abantu barahuranya, ariko muri mediation ba bantu baje umwe adashaka kureba undi iyo isoje neza isoza bahoberana cyangwa bakorana mu ntoki, icyo uba ukoze ntabwo ari icyo kibazo uba ukuyeho gusa ahubwo wunze n’ubumwe bwabo. Mu rukiko umwe aca aha undi agaca aha, uwatsinze arizihirwa akabyina, uwatsinzwe afata uwamutsinze n’umuryango we ndetse n’abazamukomokaho bose nk’abanzi b’iteka’’.

Ubundi ubuhuza ni uburyo busigaye bukoreshwa hirya no hino mu isi aho ubona hari n’imanza zikomeye zitajyanwa mu nkiko kubera ko hari ibigo bikomeye usanga bidashaka ko amabanga yabyo ajyanwa mu ruhame, bityo bagahitamo kureba abahuza b’umwuga kugira ngo babafashe gukemura ibyo bibazo byabo.