Rwanda: Imirimo itishyurwa ikorwa n’abagore irabagora kandi ntibatere imbere

Iyi mirimo abagore bakora itishyurwa (unpaid care work), ituma batabona umwanya uhagije wo gukora imirimo itanga inyungu bikadindiza iterambere ryabo.

Imirimo itishyurwa ikorwa n’abagore, harimo kwita ku bana, kwita ku bagabo, gukora isuku, guteka, kwita ku matungo n’indi mirimo yose mu rugo.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na UN Women Rwanda mu turere 8 mu 2022, bwagaragaje ko umugore wo mu cyaro amara amasaha 7 ku munsi akora imirimo itishyurwa mu rugo, mu gihe umugabo ayikora mu gihe cy’amasaha 2 ku munsi. Abagore bo mu mujyi, bakora hafi amasaha 6, abagabo bagakora amasaha 2.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na ActionAid Rwanda bwagaragaje ko imirimo itishyurwa ikorwa n’abagore yitaweho yaba ifite agaciro kangana na 20–30% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP).

Musabyemariya Antoinette atuye mu Murenge wa Ndera, Akarere ka Gasabo, afite umugabo n’abana batatu. Aganira na The Bridge Magazine yavuze ko abyuka saa kumi akajya kurangura I Kabuga, imbuto n’imboga aza gucuruza ku mugoroba saa kumi n’ebyiri. Yavayo agatekera abana igikoma, akabatunganya bakajya ku ishuri, yaba ari igihe cyo guhinga agafata isuka akajya mu murima, agataha kare agatekera umugabo n’abana. Rimwe na rimwe yabona ikiraka akajya kugikora. Ku mugoroba agasiga yeretse abana ibyo bateka akajya gucuruza agataha saa satu cyangwa saa tanu z’ijoro. Mu gihe umugabo we agajya gukora ikiyede saa moya za mugitondo agataha saa kumi n’imwe.

Umuryango utuye mu Karere ka Huye, umugore n’umugabo bose bakora ku ivuriro rimwe, umugabo abyuka saa kumi n’ebyiri agakaraba agafata ifunguro rya mu gitondo ryateguwe n’umugore, yarangiza akambara imyenda yatewe ipasi n’umugore akajya ku kazi. Mu gihe umugore abyuka saa kumi agakora imirimo yo mu rugo harimo isuku gutegura abana, amafunguro ya mu gitondo akabona kujya ku kazi. Uyu mugore anavuga ko adasinzira neza mu ijoro kuko afite umwana wonka. Ati “ntangira gusinzira umwana agashaka konka sijya nduhuka bihagije kuko niyo mvuye ku kazi ndaza ngakora imirimo yo mu rugo nkaryama saa tanu z’ijoro nabwo umugabo agatangira kunkabakaba”.

Iyi mirimo itishyurwa yo mu rugo ikorwa n’abagore ituma babura umwanya wo gukora imirimo ibinjiriza amafaranga.

UN Women Rwanda yagize uruhare mu kugabanya umutwaro w’akazi ko kwita ku bandi katishyurwa.

Jennet Kem, uhagarariye UN Women mu Rwanda, avuga ko bashyizeho uburyo bwo guhindura imyumvire n’ingamba zihamye mu rwego rwo kugabanya, kumenyekanisha no gusaranganya inshingano z’akazi ko kwita ku bandi katishyurwa. Yagize ati: “mu turere umunani dukoreramo, dukorana n’inzego z’ibanze, abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye n’amakoperative, cyane cyane ay’abagore agamije guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza n’iterambere ryabo.”

Jennet Kem, yakomeje agira ati “tunakorana n’abagize umuryango hagamijwe kugabanya umutwaro w’akazi ko kwita ku bandi katishyurwa, tubinyujije mu gutanga ibikoresho bibafasha guteka bidatwara ibicanywa byinshi, ibigega byo kubika amazi, ibikoresho bifasha kubika no gushyushya amafunguro. Twanashyizeho amarerero aho basiga abana bagakora batekanye”. Uretse ibi, hanatanzwe amahugurwa ku ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagabo n’abagore.

Ikigo cy’ibarurishamibare kerekana ko igipimo cy’abakozi ugereranyije n’umubare w’abaturage cyazamutse kigera kuri 53.5% mu 2024 kivuye kuri 49% mu 2023. Iki gipimo cyazamutse ku bagabo n’abagore, aho cyiyongereyeho amanota 4.7 ku bagabo na 4.3 ku bagore. Mu 2024, igipimo cy’abakozi cyari hejuru ku bagabo kingana (62.2%) ugereranyije n’abagore kuko kingana na (45.9%).

Itandukaniro hagati y’abagabo n’abagore mu gipimo cy’abakozi cyari amanota 16.3 mu mwaka wa 2024.

Raporo yamuritswe n’Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta (LAF) ku isuzuma ngarukagihe ku byifuzonama 160 byahawe u Rwanda mu 2021 bijyanye n’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu ryerekana ko Itegeko No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 30/07/2024; mu ngingo nshya zashyizwemo zigamije guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’abagore n’imibereho myiza y’imiryango, harimo kumenyekanisha akazi gakorwa n’abagore ko kwita ku muryango kadahabwa agaciro (unpaid care work).

Ingingo yaryo yi 175 ivuga ko agaciro k’imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi mu gihe cy’urubanza rw’ubutane, bisabwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe, urukiko rushobora guha agaciro imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi.

Ndetse ko agaciro k’imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi kabarirwa hagati ya 10% na 39% by’umutungo bungutse uhereye ku munsi w’ishyingirwa hamaze kuvanwamo imyenda bafashe nyuma yo gushyingiranwa.

Mu mpungenge zagaragajwe n’iri huriro (LAF) harimo guhuza inshingano z’akazi n’iz’umuryango bibangamira abagore, kuko bakora imirimo myinshi icyarimwe nko kwita ku bo mu muryango no gukora imirimo yo mu rugo, bikabagabanyiriza umusaruro w’akazi ndetse bigatuma batagira amahirwe yo kuzamuka mu ntera.

Minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo MIFOTRA ivuga ko “irimo kuvugurura politiki y’umurimo kugira ngo ihuzwe n’ingamba nshya zikenewe mu kwihutisha no guhanga umurimo unoze. Zimwe mu ngamba nyamukuru zizajya muri iyi politiki harimo gukomeza kubaka ubushobozi bw’abakora imirimo itanditse ndetse n’imirimo itishyurwa kandi hagashyirwa imbaraga mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’Umugore. Ibyo bikazakorwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umurimo unoze kandi utanga umusaruro k’uwukora ndetse no ku Gihugu.”

Hari intambwe igenda iterwa

Karasira Jean Claude ni umugabo w’imyaka 35, atuye mu Karere ka Gasabo, yashatse muri 2023, aganira na The Bridge Magazine yavuze ko afasha imirimo umugore igihe avuye ku kazi kuko nawe aba yakoze ako mu rugo agafatanije n’akamwinjiriza kuko akenshi akorera mu rugo. Ati “hari igihe nza nkita k’umwana, agateka cyangwa se nawe akita ku mwana ngateka nkanakora n’isuku yo mu gikoni”.

Ishimwe Sam Célestin, ni umusore w’imyaka 32 aritegura kurushinga muri Nzeri 2025, aganira na The Bridge Magazine (thebridge.rw), yavuze ko hari abavuga ko imirimo yo mu rugo ari inshingano z’umugore ariko we akaba atariko abibona. Yagize ati “turi abana mu rugo iwacu, ababyeyi badutoje gufatanya yaba abahungu n’abakobwa twese twakoraga imirimo yo mu rugo, ndetse n’ubu nkiri umusore nabwo ndayikora. Sinzigera mparira umugore wanjye imirimo yo mu rugo. Tuzafatanya”.

Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango ifatanije n’abafatanyabikorwa ishishikajwe nuko iyi mirimo isaranganywa binyuze mu guhindura imyumvire n’imigenzereze mu muryango binyuze mu gukora ibikorwa bihangana n’impamvu muzi z’ubusumbane zishingiye ku gitsina, hifashishijwe umugoroba w’umuryango, inteko z’abaturage n’abajyanama b’ubuzima.

Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe uburinganire no kongerera abagore ubushobozi muri Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango, Silas Ngayaboshya, yagize ati “umuryango wubakirwamo indangagaciro ku isaranganya ribere imirimo yo mu rugo yo kwita ku bandi ariko idahemberwa yahawe agaciro mu itegeko riheruka gusohoka kuko iyo mirimo igomba gukorwa. Ariko ninde uyikora? Ninde ukora iki? Abantu nibabishyire mu mihigo y’umuryango, babitoze abana babo, babibabwire ariko nabo babikora”.

Hari umusaruro ugaragara ku myumvire igenda itera imbere, kuko habayeho impinduka ku gihugu, aho   abagore bari mu myanya n’indi mirimo kandi bakabikora neza kuko mu rugo haba hari umutekano. Gusa urugendo rurakomeje.